IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA - This is a form of autoimmune illness of unknown cause that results in the destruction of blood platelets. The platelet count becomes exceedingly low and spontaneous bleeding from the gums, GI tract, and nose can be seen. Physical examination may demonstrate enlargement of the spleen. A typical rash occurs to do microscopic hemorrhage of small blood vessels in the skin. Platelet counts under 10,000 can lead to spontaneous hemorrhage into the brain causing death. Treatment with corticosteroids is generally effective. Surgical removal of the spleen (splenectomy) is reserved for some patients.